看日本阪急電車的行銷(1)

日本阪急電車的官方網站

對於生活在關西地區的我,搭乘阪急電車每天到學校上課變成一種必然的行為
4月23號,阪急電車同名小說改編的電影搶先在關西地區上映了

我所在的學校關西學院大學也有許多場景進入劇中

在日本,鐵道很特別的是私人企業
在經濟學的觀點這是一個很特別的現象

目前的生活中充斥著各種"共有"的財產

實體的有：公共建設,道路,醫院,
虛擬的：知識

鐵路這種相對資源缺乏的產業,競爭者也相對稀少,行成了寡佔(oligopoly)

An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). The word is derived, by analogy with "monopoly", from the Greek ὀλίγοι (oligoi) "few" + πωλειν (polein) "to sell". Because there are few sellers, each oligopolist is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. The decisions of one firm influence, and are influenced by, the decisions of other firms. Strategic planning by oligopolists needs to take into account the likely responses of the other market participants.
寡佔是一種普遍的市場型態,這種類型的市場由少數的幾個賣方形成.因為市場上競爭者不多,
每一個競爭者彼此的每一個決定都有可能產生一連串的影響

舉例：台灣客運市場主要的公司為：國光客運,統聯客運,與和馨客運
當統聯客運在數年前打出100元從台中到台北的超優惠價格,國光與和馨也相繼跟進.

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對於基礎建設,許多國家都採用國有制的方式來擁有
以確保企業不會因為掌握了多數的資源,或是因為難以進入的競爭門檻

產生寡佔企業間彼此私下協商提高價格的黑箱手段

隨手查了一下,根據wiki的回答日本主要的私人鐵路高達了15家,並且普遍的比公營鐵路價格低廉,或許是因為日本特別的鐵路生態使得原本該是寡佔的鐵路企業變成了完全競爭的供給市場.

[edit] Japan
In Japan, private railway (私鉄 or 民鉄, Shitetsu or Mintetsu^?) refers to a railway line owned and operated by private sector. Although Japan Railways Group companies are private entities, they are not considered private railways because of their unique status as the successors of the Japanese National Railways (JNR). In a traditional sense, even voluntary sector railways are not included by their origins as the rural, non-profitable JNR line transferred to local possession as a form of joint stock corporation/company (Kabushiki kaisha).
Among private railways in Japan, 15 companies are categorized as "major", such as Odakyu, Keikyu, Meitetsu, Tokyu. They are often profitable and less expensive (to ride) than publicly run railways^{[citation needed]}. Private railways also run a variety of other businesses, such as hotels, department stores and real estate.